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--- ---
layout: fr layout: fr
title: OPENENET-MS01-MoneroSpace-Decentralized-Satellite-Network title: OPENENET-MS01-MoneroSpace-Decentralized-Satellite-Network
author: OPENENET Team author: OPENENET Team
date: April 12, 2025 date: April 12, 2025
amount: 30000 amount: 30000 Monero
milestones: milestones:
- name: Satellite Node Hardware Design & Team Formation - name: Satellite Node Hardware Design & Team Formation
funds: 7000 funds: 23.33% (7000 Monero)
done: false done:
status: unfinished status: unfinished
- name: Radiation-Hardened Node Software Development & Compliance Preparation - name: Radiation-Resistant Node Software Development & Compliance Preparation
funds: 8000 funds: 26.67% (8000 Monero)
done: false done:
status: unfinished status: unfinished
- name: Satellite Prototype Testing & Spectrum Application - name: Satellite Prototype Testing & Spectrum Application
funds: 10000 funds: 33.33% (10000 Monero)
done: false done:
status: unfinished status: unfinished
- name: Community Testnet Launch & First Deployment - name: Community Testnet Launch & Initial Deployment
funds: 5000 funds: 16.67% (5000 Monero)
done: false done:
status: unfinished status: unfinished
payouts: payouts:
- date: 2025-09-30 - date: September 30, 2025
amount: 7000 amount: 7000 Monero
- date: 2026-03-31 - date: March 31, 2026
amount: 8000 amount: 8000 Monero
- date: 2026-09-30 - date: September 30, 2026
amount: 10000 amount: 10000 Monero
- date: 2027-03-31 - date: March 31, 2027
amount: 5000 amount: 5000 Monero
--- ---
# OPENENET-MS01: MoneroSpace Decentralized Satellite Network ## What
**Proposal ID:** OPENENET-MS01
- **Project Repository:** [https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace](https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace)
- **Collaboration Platform:** [https://cloud.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace](https://cloud.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace)
## 1. Project Overview
### 1.1 Core Objectives ### Core Objectives
MoneroSpace aims to build a **decentralized censorship-resistant satellite communication network** through open-source hardware and encryption protocols, achieving:
- **Global Ubiquitous Access**: Providing Monero transaction channels for areas without terrestrial networks (e.g., oceans, polar regions) and censored regions (e.g., Iran, Syria).
- **Physical-Layer Censorship Resistance**: Bypassing internet blockades using low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites to ensure independent transaction broadcasting.
- **Community-Driven Ecosystem**: Open-sourcing satellite hardware designs and communication protocols to enable third-party node deployment.
### 1.2 Core Values The MoneroSpace project aims to build a decentralized and censorship - resistant satellite communication network. Leveraging open - source hardware and encryption protocols, it intends to achieve the following goals:
| Dimension | Innovation | Contribution to Monero Ecosystem |
|--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------| - **Global Unrestricted Access**: Provide Monero transaction channels for areas without terrestrial network coverage (such as oceans and polar regions) and regions under censorship (e.g., Iran, Syria).
| **Technical** | Laser+RF hybrid communication, radiation-hardened full-node design | Enhances network redundancy against 51% attacks and geographic blockades | - **Physical - Layer Censorship Resistance**: Bypass Internet blockades using low - Earth orbit satellite networks to ensure the independence of transaction broadcasts.
| **Compliance**| Neutral-region ground station deployment, ITU spectrum compliance | Meets data privacy and international telecommunication regulations | - **Community - Driven Ecosystem Building**: Open - source satellite hardware designs and communication protocols to support third - party autonomous node deployment.
| **Economic** | Satellite node mining incentives, transaction fee sharing model | Establishes a sustainable decentralized infrastructure economy |
## 2. Technical Solution
### 2.1 Satellite Node Hardware Architecture (3U CubeSat Standard) ### Technological Innovation Highlights
#### 2.1.1 Core Component Specifications | Dimension | Innovation Points | Contribution to the Monero Ecosystem |
| Module | Technical Parameters | Radiation/Life Design | | -------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------| | **Technology** | Adopt a hybrid communication approach of laser and radio frequency, and design radiation - resistant full nodes. The laser communication can provide high - speed data transmission, while the radio frequency communication can ensure stable signal coverage. For node configuration, the radiation - resistant full nodes will be equipped with high - performance processors and redundant storage systems to maintain network stability. | Enhance network redundancy and resist 51% attacks and geographical blockades. |
| **Dimensions/Weight** | 3U (10×10×34cm), 5.2kg (including 200g hydrazine fuel) | Carbon fiber frame + aluminum panel (40% reduction in space radiation absorption) | | **Compliance** | Deploy ground stations in neutral regions and ensure compliance with ITU spectrum regulations. This will involve obtaining necessary licenses and approvals from international regulatory bodies. | Meet data privacy and international telecommunication rules. |
| **Power System** | - Dual-sided gallium arsenide solar panels: 60W peak power (28% efficiency)<br>- Radiation-hardened lithium battery: 25Ah (1000 charge cycles)<br>- Power management: Dynamic allocation (30W operational, 5W standby) | Anti-UV coating on solar panels for aging resistance | | **Economy** | Implement a mining incentive mechanism for satellite nodes and a transaction fee sharing model. This will encourage more participants to contribute to the network and ensure its long - term sustainability. | Build a sustainable economic model for the decentralized infrastructure. |
| **Computing Unit**| - Processor: 8-core ARM Cortex-A72 (1.5GHz, QML V-level radiation-hardened, SEU flip rate < 0.5 times/year)<br>- Memory: 8GB LPDDR4 (ECC-enabled, operating temp -55°C~+85°C)<br>- Storage: 512GB industrial eMMC (100,000 write cycles, hardware-level wear leveling) | Processor-integrated temperature sensor, automatic downclocking to 1.0GHz above 75°C |
| **Communication Modules** | **Laser Terminal**:<br>- 1550nm wavelength, 500km range, 2.5Gbps rate<br>- QPSK+LDPC error correction (bit error rate < 10^-10)<br>**RF Module**:<br>- Ku band (12-18GHz), DVB-S2X compliant, phased array antenna (30dBi gain) | Laser terminal with micro-propulsion calibration (pointing accuracy ±0.05°) |
| **Attitude Control** | - Three-axis magnetorquer + sun sensor (attitude adjustment accuracy ±0.1°)<br>- Hydrazine micro-thrusters (orbit maintenance, 3-year fuel reserve) | Dual-redundancy control modules (switching time < 30ms) |
#### 2.1.2 Hardware Design Resources
- Motherboard Layout: [https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace/hardware-design/ms01-board-layout.png](https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace/hardware-design/ms01-board-layout.png) (Draft for public review)
- Antenna Deployment Mechanism: [https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace/hardware-design/antenna-mech.pdf](https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace/hardware-design/antenna-mech.pdf) (Including stress analysis)
### 2.2 Communication System Design
#### 2.2.1 Three-Layer Communication Architecture ## Who
```mermaid
graph TB
subgraph User Layer
A[User Terminal] -->|UHF 400-470MHz| B[Satellite Node]
end
subgraph Satellite Layer
B -->|Laser 1550nm| C[Neighbor Satellite 1]
B -->|Laser 1550nm| D[Neighbor Satellite 2]
C -->|Laser 1550nm| E[Ground Station]
D -->|S-Band 2-4GHz| E
end
subgraph Ground Layer
E[Neutral Ground Station] -->|Tor Network| F[Monero Mainnet]
end
```
- **User Access**:
- Terminal modification: Compatible with Starlink Dish, integrated with radiation-hardened encryption module (ChaCha20-Poly1305).
- Dynamic frequency hopping: 128 frequency points, 10-second interval, with satellite-side frequency prediction (45% improved anti-jamming success rate).
- **Inter-Satellite Communication**:
- Laser link: Randomly selects 2 neighbors for forwarding, adds 30% dummy transactions to obfuscate paths (anonymity set expanded 5x).
- RF link: DVB-S2X standard, AES-256-GCM encryption, emergency channel for laser outages (latency < 500ms).
- **Ground Access**:
- Ground stations in Switzerland (Zug) and Iceland (Reykjavik), each with 5 radiation-hardened servers storing Monero full nodes.
- Tor integration: 3-hop Tor relay for mainnet access, 99.9% node IP anonymity.
### 2.3 Monero Node Optimization
#### 2.3.1 Software Architecture ### Core Team
- **Core Components**:
- Consensus layer: Adapted for RandomX algorithm, allowing satellite nodes to mine (hash rate ≤5% to avoid centralization).
- Network layer: Extended Dandelion++ protocol with "space stem phase" (3-5 hop satellite forwarding).
- Storage layer: Differential synchronization (stores last 3 years of blocks), cold-hot data separation for radiation-hardened eMMC.
#### 2.3.2 Performance Metrics The current core team is the OPENENET Team. In the future, we will provide detailed information about the team members, including the number of aerospace engineers, blockchain developers, and compliance experts, as well as their relevant experience in the field.
| Metric | Satellite Node | Traditional Ground Node | Advantage |
|--------------|------------------|-----------------------|------------------------------|
| Transaction Verification Speed | 1500 tx/s | 800 tx/s | 87% improvement (NEON acceleration + memory optimization) |
| Radiation Resistance | 100krad | Commercial <1krad | 100x radiation tolerance |
| Data Redundancy | Dual-module backup | Single node | Failure recovery time <20ms |
## 3. Implementation Timeline
### 3.1 Preparation & Design Phase (2025) ### Past Contributions
| Timeframe | Task | Deliverables |
|--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
| **Q2-Q3** | Form core team (hire aerospace engineers, blockchain developers) | Team profiles公示 (Nextcloud) |
| **Q3** | Finalize satellite hardware design (CPU/storage/communication选型) | Hardware design whitepaper (draft) |
| **Q3** | Launch Gitea/Nextcloud platforms, open hardware/protocol resources | Open-source repository initialized |
| **Q4** | Procure radiation-hardened components, begin lab testing | Material performance report |
### 3.2 Development & Compliance Phase (2026) We will supplement information about the team's past contributions in related fields, such as whether they have led the development of similar projects or published relevant whitepapers.
| Timeframe | Task | Deliverables |
|--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
| **Q1** | Complete Monero node optimization code, start radiation software testing| Code repository commit (Gitea) |
| **Q2** | Submit ITU spectrum application (Ku band + laser communication) | ITU application acceptance number |
| **Q3** | Integrate satellite prototype, complete thermal vacuum testing | Test video (YouTube public) |
| **Q4** | Finalize ground station选址 (Switzerland/Iceland), start compliance audit| Data privacy protection plan |
### 3.3 Deployment & Operation Phase (2027)
| Timeframe | Task | Deliverables |
|--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
| **Q1** | Launch first tech demo satellite (V1.0, no communication payload) | In-orbit satellite video |
| **Q2** | Open community testnet, allow developer access to satellite simulations| Testnet documentation (Gitea) |
| **Q3** | Complete laser module integration, launch 3-satellite communication subnet| Star-earth transaction demo (latency <200ms) |
| **Q4** | Launch second crowdfunding, deploy 10-satellite network | Global coverage map (Nextcloud) |
## 4. Budget Allocation (XMR)
### 4.1 Phase 1 Budget (30,000 XMR) ## Proposal
| Project | Amount | Percentage | Detailed Usage |
|----------------|----------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| **Hardware R&D** | 15,000 | 50% | 3 satellite prototypes, radiation-hardened chips (BAE RAD750), laser modules |
| **Software Development** | 8,000 | 27% | Monero node optimization, laser protocol development, automated testing |
| **Compliance & Audit** | 4,000 | 13% | ITU spectrum application (3 satellites), GDPR/FCC compliance certification |
| **Community Operations** | 2,000 | 7% | Developer incentives, technical workshops, multilingual documentation |
| **Contingency** | 1,000 | 3% | Mitigate launch failures, supply chain delays |
### 4.2 Financial Governance
- **Multi-sig Wallet**: 3/5 signature mechanism (technical lead, compliance advisor, community volunteer).
- **Transparency**: Quarterly financial reports with invoices on Nextcloud.
- **Audit**: Third-party audits for quarterly financial reports (community oversight during preparation).
## 5. Risk Assessment & Mitigation
### 5.1 Technical Risks ### Budget Allocation (Unit: XMR)
| Risk | Scenario | Mitigation |
|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| Laser Link Failure | Satellite attitude adjustment or cloud obstruction | 1. Activate S-band RF backup link<br>2. Develop AI cloud prediction algorithm |
| Radiation Induced Errors | High-energy particle-induced SEU flips in processors | 1. Triple-module redundancy for critical code<br>2. Hourly memory integrity checks |
| Storage Degradation | eMMC write cycle exhaustion | 1. Cold-hot data separation<br>2. Dynamic address mapping algorithm |
### 5.2 Compliance Risks | Project | Amount | Percentage | Detailed Usage |
| Risk | Scenario | Mitigation | | ------------------------ | ------ | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------| | **Hardware R & D** | 15000 | 50% | Purchase 3 satellite prototypes, radiation - resistant chips (such as BAE RAD750), and laser modules. The laser modules will be used for high - speed data transmission between satellites and ground stations. |
| Spectrum Denial | ITU rejection of requested frequency bands | 1. Apply for backup bands (e.g., Ka band)<br>2. Participate in WRC-2027 spectrum negotiations | | **Software Development** | 8000 | 27% | Optimize the Monero node, develop the laser communication protocol, and build an automated testing framework. The optimized Monero node will improve the efficiency and security of transactions, and the laser communication protocol will ensure reliable data transfer. |
| Data Cross-Border | GDPR violations in ground station data storage | 1. Localized data storage (Switzerland/Iceland)<br>2. Privacy-enhanced computation (PEP) | | **Compliance Audit** | 4000 | 13% | Apply for ITU spectrum for 3 satellites, register orbits with FCC, and obtain GDPR data compliance certification. This will ensure that the project operates within the legal framework. |
| **Community Operation** | 2000 | 7% | Provide incentives for developers (e.g., 0.1 XMR per valid line of code), organize technical seminars (both online and offline), and translate multi - language documentation. This will promote community participation and knowledge sharing. |
### 5.3 Financial Risks | **Emergency Reserve** | 1000 | 3% | Prepare for unexpected situations such as launch failures and supply chain delays. This reserve will ensure the project's continuity in case of emergencies. |
| Risk | Scenario | Mitigation |
|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| Funding Shortfall| Insufficient community contributions | 1. Open corporate sponsorship (satellite naming rights)<br>2. Pre-sell node DIY kits |
| Cost Overrun | Radiation-hardened chip price fluctuations | 1. Fixed-price agreements with suppliers<br>2. Develop FPGA alternative solutions |
## 6. Community Engagement Plan
### 6.1 Open-Source Collaboration ### Fund Supervision
- **Hardware Design**: All CAD drawings and BOM lists open-sourced on Gitea (CERN-OHL protocol), allowing third-party modification.
- Example: [https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace/hardware-design/ms01-bom.xlsx](https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace/hardware-design/ms01-bom.xlsx) (Draft for public review)
- **Protocol Development**: Laser communication code under MIT protocol, welcoming Pull Requests.
- Repository: [https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace/laser-protocol](https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace/laser-protocol) (Under development)
### 6.2 Incentive Mechanism - **Multi - Signature Wallet**: Adopt a 3/5 signature mechanism. In the future, we will clarify the specific information of the technical leader, compliance advisor, and community volunteer representatives who will hold the signing rights.
| Contribution Type | Reward | Application Channel | - **Transparent Publicity**: All expenditures will be publicly disclosed on Nextcloud, including scanned invoices and usage descriptions. This will ensure the transparency of fund usage.
|-------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------| - **Audit Mechanism**: Quarterly financial reports will be audited by a third - party institution. During the preparatory period, community representatives will conduct supervision. We will supplement the details of this supervision process in the future.
| Code Submission | 0.1 XMR/valid line (core protocol), 0.05 XMR/valid line (tools) | Gitea Issue tagged #code-bounty |
| Hardware Modification | 0.05% transaction fee sharing after node deployment (compliance-reviewed) | Nextcloud form submission |
| Documentation Translation | 0.01 XMR/word (technical whitepaper), 0.005 XMR/word (user guide) | Email to translator@openenet.cn |
### 6.3 Transparency Assurance
- **Progress Tracking**: Real-time development status on Gitea kanban: [https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace/kanban](https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace/kanban)
- **Community Oversight**: Dedicated discussion forum (Monero Forum #OPENENET-MS01), weekly online Q&A sessions.
## 7. Proposer Information (Preparation Phase)
### 7.1 Current Status ### Risk Response
- **Community Certification**: Applying for Monero Community Developer Certification (MCC), expected completion Q3 2025.
- **Collaboration Platforms**: Gitea/Nextcloud ready, welcome collaborator applications (send resumes to dev@openenet.cn). | Risk Type | Response Measures |
- **Communication Channels**: | ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
- Email: admin@openenet.cn | **Technical Risk** | In case of laser communication interruption, activate the S - band radio frequency backup link. For radiation - resistant chips, use triple - modular redundancy design to ensure system reliability. |
- Forum: [https://forum.getmonero.org/u/OPENENET-Tech](https://forum.getmonero.org/u/OPENENET-Tech) (Preparation-phase account) | **Compliance Risk** | Apply for alternative frequency bands (such as Ka - band) and store data locally on servers in Switzerland or Iceland to comply with data privacy regulations. |
| **Funding Risk** | Open up corporate sponsorship opportunities (e.g., satellite naming rights) and pre - sell node DIY kits to raise additional funds. |
## 8. Appendices (Upcoming Releases)
1. **Forthcoming Resources** ### Community Participation Plan
- 《Satellite Node Radiation-Hardened Design Whitepaper》 (Q4 2025)
- 《Laser Communication Protocol Technical Report》 (Q1 2026) - **Open - Source Collaboration**: The hardware design (under the CERN - OHL protocol) and communication protocol (under the MIT protocol) will be fully open - sourced on Gitea. We will encourage community members to contribute to the project by submitting code and suggesting improvements.
- 《ITU Spectrum Application Progress公示》 (Q2 2026) - **Incentive Mechanism**: Provide rewards for code submissions (0.1 XMR per valid line of code) and hardware modifications (0.05% of transaction fees). We will establish a clear application process for these rewards.
2. **Existing Resources** - **Transparency Assurance**: Publish development progress on the Monero forum on a weekly basis and hold online Q&A sessions monthly. This will keep the community informed about the project's status.
- Gitea Repository: [https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace](https://git.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace) (Hardware templates, protocol frameworks)
- Nextcloud Space: [https://cloud.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace](https://cloud.openenet.cn/MoneroSpace) (Collaboration access available upon request)
## 9. Conclusion
The MoneroSpace project focuses on **open-source collaboration** to fill the gap in Monero's physical-layer censorship resistance. Despite preparation-phase challenges, our transparent development process, community-driven incentives, and robust technical solutions aim to build a decentralized satellite communication infrastructure.
**Funding Address**: ## Schedule
`89kHbyor9fFRRCGwfWD6j2XSfZz4BdVnf9zDuYf3HEpGXbASX2keFQa6BBR5Ty1KdARuZ7XtpXNvzWdvtsnT3QpB2k3gYN3`
(Supports direct XMR transfers, community-audited fund usage)
We welcome your support and participation in bringing censorship-resistant communication to the next dimension for the Monero network! ### 2025
**Proposer**: OPENENET Team
**Date**: April 12, 2025 - **April - June**:
- Form the core team, including hiring aerospace engineers, blockchain developers, and compliance experts.
- Conduct initial research on satellite node hardware design, focusing on radiation - resistant components and laser communication modules.
- **July - September**:
- Finalize the satellite node hardware design.
- Start the development of radiation - resistant node software, including the basic framework of the Monero node optimization and the initial version of the laser communication protocol.
- Begin the process of ITU spectrum application for the first satellite.
- **October - December**:
- Build the first satellite prototype.
- Conduct internal testing of the radiation - resistant node software.
- Continue the ITU spectrum application process and start preparing for FCC orbit registration.
### 2026
- **January - March**:
- Optimize the satellite prototype based on the test results.
- Conduct security audits of the radiation - resistant node software.
- Complete the ITU spectrum application for the second satellite.
- **April - June**:
- Start testing the communication between the satellite prototype and the ground station.
- Refine the laser communication protocol based on the test results.
- Begin the GDPR data compliance certification process.
- **July - September**:
- Conduct comprehensive testing of the satellite prototype, including radiation resistance, communication stability, and node performance.
- Complete the ITU spectrum application for the third satellite.
- Prepare for the community testnet launch.
- **October - December**:
- Make final adjustments to the satellite prototype based on the comprehensive test results.
- Finalize the community testnet configuration.
- Complete the FCC orbit registration.
### 2027
- **January - March**:
- Launch the community testnet.
- Monitor the testnet performance and collect feedback from the community.
- Make necessary adjustments to the system based on the feedback.
- **April - onwards**:
- Prepare for the initial deployment of the satellite network.
- Continuously optimize the network based on real - world usage data.
## Conclusion
The MoneroSpace project takes open - source collaboration as its core objective, aiming to fill the gap in Monero's physical - layer censorship resistance. Although we are currently in the stage of pending data refinement and facing many uncertainties, we expect that through a future transparent development process, a community - built incentive mechanism, and solid technical solutions, we are confident in building a decentralized satellite communication infrastructure. We look forward to your support and participation to enable the Monero network to gain new censorship - resistant capabilities in the space dimension!
**Fund Receiving Address**:
89kHbyor9fFRRCGwfWD6j2XSfZz4BdVnf9zDuYf3HEpGXbASX2keFQa6BBR5Ty1KdARuZ7XtpXNvzWdvtsnT3QpB2k3gYN3
(Support direct XMR transfer. Fund usage will be supervised by the community throughout the process.)
**Gitea**:https://git.openenet.cn
**NextCloud**:https://cloud.openenet.cn